Risk of hydroxychloroquine alone and in combination with azithromycin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational, retrospective study

Lane, Jennifer C.E., University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Weaver, James, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Kostka, Kristin Feeney, Real World Solutions, IQVIA Inc., Durham, NC, United States; Duarte-Salles, Talita, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Abrahao, Maria Tereza F., Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Alghoul, Heba, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; Alser, Osaid H., Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Alshammari, Thamir M., Medication Safety Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyad, Saudi Arabia; Biedermann, Patricia, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland; Banda, Juan M., Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Burn, Edward A.O., University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Casajust, Paula, Real-World Evidence, Barcelona, Spain; Conover, Mitchell M., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Culhane, Aedín C., Department of Data Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Davydov, Alexander V., Medical Ontology solutions, Odysseus Data Services, Cambridge, MA, United States; DuVall, Scott L., U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, D.C., DC, United States, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Dymshyts, Dmitry, Medical Ontology solutions, Odysseus Data Services, Cambridge, MA, United States; Fernández-Bertolín, Sergio, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fišter, Kristina, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Hardin, Jill H., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Hester, Laura L., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Hripcsak, George M., Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States; Kaas-Hansen, Benjamin Skov, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Sjællands Universitetshospital, Roskilde, Sjaelland, Denmark, NNF Center for Protein Research, Københavns Universitet, Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, Denmark; Kent, Seamus, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London, United Kingdom; Khosla, Sajan, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom; Kolovos, Spyros, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Lambert, Christophe G., Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health and Division of Translational Informatics, Albuquerque, NM, United States; van der Lei, Johan L., Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; Lynch, Kristine E., U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, D.C., DC, United States, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Makadia, Rupa, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Margulis, Andrea V., RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Matheny, Michael Edwin, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Care Center, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, TN, United States, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Mehta, Paras P., University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States; Morales, Daniel R., Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; Morgan-Stewart, Henry, Real World Solutions, IQVIA Inc., Durham, NC, United States; Mosseveld, Mees, Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; Newby, Danielle, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Nyberg, Fredrik, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Akademin, Gothenburg, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden; Ostropolets, Anna, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Park, Rae Woong, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; Prats-Uribe, A., University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Rao, Gowtham Adamane, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Reich, Christian G., Real World Solutions, IQVIA Inc., Durham, NC, United States; Reps, Jenna Marie, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Rijnbeek, Peter R., Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; Sathappan, Selva Muthu Kumaran, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore; Schuemie, Martijn J., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Seager, Sarah L., Real World Solutions, IQVIA Inc., Durham, NC, United States; Sena, Anthony G., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States, Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; Shoaibi, Azza, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States; Spotnitz, Matthew Emerson, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Suchard, Marc A., David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Torre, Carmen Olga, Real World Solutions, IQVIA Inc., Durham, NC, United States; Vizcaya, David, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Barcelona, Spain; Wen, Haini, Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; de Wilde, Marcel, Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; Xie, Junqing, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; You, Seng-chan, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; Zhang, Lin, School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Zhuk, Oleg, Medical Ontology solutions, Odysseus Data Services, Cambridge, MA, United States; Ryan, Patrick Barry, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ, United States, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Prieto-Alhambra, Daniel, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain